Deep-sea mining: what it is, where it stands, and why Brazil is watching closely
What deep-sea mining is, which minerals lie on the ocean floor, where Brazil is researching, and why the topic divides scientists, governments, and companies.
Topic
Geology and Mining Engineering
How mineral deposits form and how a mine is planned, operated and closed.
Guides
How a mine works: from discovery to closure
How a mine works in Brazil, step by step: mineral exploration, permits, open-pit or underground mining, mineral processing and closure.
Mineral exploration: how a deposit is found
Mineral exploration explained: from geological maps to drilling, resource vs. reserve, the legal steps at Brazil's ANM and why it takes years and costs a lot.
Mineral, ore and rock: what is the difference
The difference between mineral, rock and ore, with examples from Brazil, cutoff grade, gangue, waste rock, tailings and common exam traps.
Mineral processing: how ore becomes a raw material
Mineral processing step by step: crushing, grinding, classification, concentration, dewatering, grade and recovery, tailings, water and energy.
Open-pit vs. underground mining: what are the differences
How engineers choose between open-pit and underground mines, what benches and drifts are, the main mining methods and when a pit turns into a tunnel.
What does a mining engineer do (and what the job is like)
What a mining engineer does: areas of work, legal duties in Brazil, where they work and what it takes to practice the profession.